The Norton/Grove Encyclopedia of Music, W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 1988, Macmillan Press Ltd., London

Harvard Dictionary of Music, Willi Apel, Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA 1960.

The New College Encyclopedia of Music, J.A. Westrup and F.Ll. Harrison, 1960 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York

The Harp, Roslyn Rensch, 1950